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<title>Simplified Tamil script</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Simplified Tamil script</span></span>

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<p><b>Simplified Tamil script</b> or <b>Reformed Tamil script</b> refers to several governmental reforms to the <a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil script</a>.

</p><p>In 1978, the Government of <a href="Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> reformed certain syllables of the modern <a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil script</a> with view to simplify the script.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It aimed to standardize non-standard ligatures of <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஆ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">ā</i></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஒ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">o</i></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஓ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">ō</i></span> and <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஐ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">ai</i></span> syllables.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Furthermore, only 13 out of 15 of the proposed simplifications were successful as people continued to use <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஐ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">ai</i></span> instead of the proposed <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">அய்</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">ay</i></span> and <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஔ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">au</i></span> instead of the proposed <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">அவ்</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">av</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Kuthusi Gurusamy initially proposed script reform and seems credit was not given to him.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Script Reform Committee was formed in 1947 under Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, while in 1951 the Government of <a href="Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> accepted its recommendations, it failed to enforce them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He encouraged it on the basis that it allegedly eased typesetting as Periyar was himself a typesetter of his newspapers in early days. Other person who was responsible for helping Periyar was Kuthusi Gurusamy

</p><p>This was preceded by many reforms during early 20th century, led by <a href="Tanittamil_Iyakkam" title="Tanittamil Iyakkam">Tamil purist movement</a>, which purged most of the <a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a> consonants from the <a href="Tamil-Grantha_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil-Grantha script">Tamil-Grantha script</a> (except <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஜ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">ja</i></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஷ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">sha</i></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஸ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">sa</i></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஹ</span></span> <span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">ha</i></span>) and standardized the modern Tamil alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBellary_Shamanna_Kesavan1984" class="citation book cs1">Bellary Shamanna Kesavan, Prathivadibayangaram Narasimha Venkatachari (1984). <i>History of printing and publishing in India: a story of cultural re-awakening, Volume 1</i>. National Book Trust. p. 82.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unicode Consortium. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/ch12.pdf">South and Central Asia I: Official Scripts of India</a>. In <i>The Unicode Standard, Version 12.0</i> (pp. 489–498).</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMello" class="citation web cs1">Mello, Fernando. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311223833/http://www.leonidas.org/rdg/matd/dissertation/FernandoMello_dissertation.pdf">"Evolution of Tamil typedesign"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leonidas.org/rdg/matd/dissertation/FernandoMello_dissertation.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCaṇmukam1983" class="citation book cs1">Caṇmukam, Ce. Vai. (1983). <i>Aspects of language development in Tamil</i>. All India Tamil Linguistics Association. p. 96.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJames2000" class="citation book cs1">James, Gregory (2000). <i>Colporuḷ: a history of Tamil dictionaries</i>. Cre-A.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Kailasapathy (1979), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/3516775">The Tamil Purist Movement: A Re-evaluation</a>, Social Scientist, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. 23-27</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Tamil_language168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Old_Tamil" title="Old Tamil">Old Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Middle_Tamil" title="Middle Tamil">Middle Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Tamil">Modern Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Manipravalam" title="Manipravalam">Manipravalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Dravidian_language" title="Proto-Dravidian language">Proto-Dravidian</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-South_Dravidian_language" title="Proto-South Dravidian language">Proto-South Dravidian</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_Sangams" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Sangams">Tamil Sangams</a>

<ul><li><a href="First_Sangam" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sangam">First Sangam</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Sangam" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sangam">Second Sangam</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_Sangam" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Sangam">Third Sangam</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bangalore_Tamil_dialects" title="Bangalore Tamil dialects">Bangalore Tamil dialects</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Tamil_dialect" title="Central Tamil dialect">Central Tamil dialect</a></li>

<li><a href="Kongu_Tamil" title="Kongu Tamil">Kongu Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Madras_Bashai" title="Madras Bashai">Madras Bashai</a></li>

<li><a href="Madurai_Tamil" title="Madurai Tamil">Madurai Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Nellai_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Nellai Tamil">Nellai Tamil</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Sri_Lankan_Tamil_dialects" title="Sri Lankan Tamil dialects">Sri Lankan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Negombo_Tamil_dialect" title="Negombo Tamil dialect">Negombo</a></li>

<li><a href="Batticaloa_Tamil_dialect" title="Batticaloa Tamil dialect">Batticaloa</a></li>

<li><a href="Jaffna_Tamil_dialect" title="Jaffna Tamil dialect">Jaffna</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Southeast Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Malaysian_Tamil" title="Malaysian Tamil">Malaysian Tamil</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Sociolects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Brahmin_Tamil" title="Brahmin Tamil">Brahmin Tamil</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Constructs and <br>themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Iraichchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraichchi">Iraichchi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kural_(poetic_form)" title="Kural (poetic form)">Kural</a></li>

<li><a href="Puram_(poetry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puram (poetry)">Puram</a></li>

<li><a href="Thinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Thinai">Thinai</a></li>

<li><a href="Ullurai" title="Ullurai">Ullurai</a></li>

<li><a href="Venpa" title="Venpa">Venpa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Classics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li>

<li><a href="Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li>

<li><a href="Five_Minor_Epics" title="Five Minor Epics">Five Minor Epics</a></li>

<li><a href="Ponniyin_Selvan" title="Ponniyin Selvan">Ponniyin Selvan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a>

<ul><li><a href="Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li>

<li><a href="Ettuthokai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ettuthokai">Ettuthokai</a></li>

<li><a href="Pathupattu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathupattu">Pathupattu</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Sangam_poets" title="List of Sangam poets">Poets</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_books_of_Law" title="Tamil books of Law">Tamil books of Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Devotional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Umaru_Pulavar#Literary_works" title="Umaru Pulavar">Cirappuranam</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Tamil_literature_works_about_Ganesha" title="List of Tamil literature works about Ganesha">Ganapthi texts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kanda_Puranam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanda Puranam">Kanda Puranam</a></li>

<li><a href="Naalayira_Divya_Prabhandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Naalayira Divya Prabhandham">Naalayira Divya Prabhandham</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramavataram" title="Ramavataram">Ramavataram</a></li>

<li><a href="Thembavani" title="Thembavani">Thembavani</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirumurukarruppatai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumurukarruppatai">Tirumurukarruppatai</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiruppugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugal">Thiruppugal</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Grammar and <br>dictionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agattiyam" title="Agattiyam">Agattiyam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_literature#Vijayanagar_and_Nayak_period" title="Tamil literature">Caturakarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Nannul" class="mw-redirect" title="Nannul">Nannul</a></li>

<li><a href="Purapporul_Venbamaalai" title="Purapporul Venbamaalai">Purapporul Venbamaalai</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Lexicon">Tamil Lexicon</a></li>

<li><a href="Tolkappiyam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolkappiyam">Tolkappiyam</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asthana_Kolahalam" title="Asthana Kolahalam">Asthana Kolahalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Ka%E1%B9%87akkatik%C4%81ram" title="Kaṇakkatikāram">Kaṇakkatikāram</a></li>

<li><a href="Ka%E1%B9%87ita_T%C4%ABpikai" title="Kaṇita Tīpikai">Kaṇita Tīpikai</a></li>

<li><a href="Yerambam" title="Yerambam">Yerambam</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Commentaries_in_Tamil_literary_tradition" title="Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition">Commentaries</a></li>

<li><a href="Yalpana_Vaipava_Malai" title="Yalpana Vaipava Malai">Yalpana Vaipava Malai</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li>

<li><a href="Megalithic_graffiti_symbols" title="Megalithic graffiti symbols">Megalithic graffiti symbols</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Modern script</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallava_grantha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava grantha">Pallava grantha</a></li>

<li><a href="Standardisation_of_Tamil_script" title="Standardisation of Tamil script">Standardisation of Tamil script</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil Braille</a></li>

<li><a href="Vatteluttu_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatteluttu alphabet">Vatteluttu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lexis and grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tamil_grammar" title="Tamil grammar">Tamil grammar</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_honorifics" title="Tamil honorifics">Tamil honorifics</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_numerals" title="Tamil numerals">Tamil numerals</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tamil_phonology" title="Tamil phonology">Tamil phonology</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_onomatopoeia" title="Tamil onomatopoeia">Tamil onomatopoeia</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_prosody" title="Tamil prosody">Tamil prosody</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tamil and other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dravido-Korean_languages" title="Dravido-Korean languages">Dravido-Korean</a></li>

<li>Words of Tamil origin

<ul><li><a href="List_of_English_words_of_Tamil_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Tamil origin">English</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Sinhala_words_of_Tamil_origin" title="List of Sinhala words of Tamil origin">Sinhala</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Loanwords

<ul><li><a href="Indo-Aryan_loanwords_in_Tamil" title="Indo-Aryan loanwords in Tamil">Indo-Aryan</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_loanwords_in_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="List of loanwords in Malay">Malay</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transliteration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Mozhi_(transliteration)" title="Mozhi (transliteration)">Mozhi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Institute_of_Classical_Tamil" title="Central Institute of Classical Tamil">Central Institute of Classical Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_Heritage_Foundation" title="Tamil Heritage Foundation">Tamil Heritage Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_Virtual_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Virtual University">Tamil Virtual University</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tanittamil_Iyakkam" title="Tanittamil Iyakkam">Tanittamil Iyakkam</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Madurai" title="Project Madurai">Project Madurai</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Classical_Tamil_Conference_2010" title="World Classical Tamil Conference 2010">World Classical Tamil Conference 2010</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Tamil_Conference" title="World Tamil Conference">World Tamil Conference</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><br>

</p>

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